Food additive · Preservative

Benzoic acid

E-number
E210
CAS
65-85-0

A preservative used in acidic foods and drinks; it also occurs naturally in some berries.

  • Food additive
  • Preservative
  • Expert review pending

Concern level

Moderate concern Level 2 of 4 How concern levels work

Strong evidence of harm at high intake, emerging evidence of harm, or a common allergen or irritant. The concern level sets how many points benzoic acid costs on a product’s receipt.

What the evidence says

  • Can form benzene with vitamin CStrong evidence

    Benzoates can form small amounts of benzene in drinks that also contain ascorbic acid (vitamin C), especially with heat or light. [1]

Evidence tiers say how sure the evidence is, separately from how much it matters. About evidence tiers.

Rules around the world

How regulators treat Benzoic acid
WhereStatusDetailsDateSource
European Union Restricted Permitted (E 210) only in listed foods with maximum levels. — [2]

“Banned” means explicitly prohibited or withdrawn after review; “not permitted” means never authorized there. We use each regulator’s own words.

Popular products that list benzoic acid

26 of the 17,000 most-scanned products in the US with a GoodSwap page list benzoic acid. The 12 most scanned:

Diets and allergens

Vegan
Yes
Vegetarian
Yes
Gluten-free
Yes

For the ingredient in general. Always check the package: a product’s own labels win.

Names GoodSwap recognizes on labels (3)
  • e210
  • benzoic acid
  • benzoic acid preservative

Sources

  1. Benzene production from decarboxylation of benzoic acid in the presence of ascorbic acid and a transition-metal catalyst

    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · May 1993 · Peer-reviewed

    doi.org

  2. Commission Regulation (EU) No 1129/2011 of 11 November 2011 amending Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 by establishing a Union list of food additives

    European Union (Official Journal) · Nov 11, 2011 · Law

    “E 127 Erythrosine 200 only cocktail cherries and candied cherries”

    eur-lex.europa.eu