Food additive · Antioxidant

TBHQ (tert-butylhydroquinone)

E-number
E319
CAS
1948-33-0

A synthetic antioxidant used in frying oils, crackers and snacks, limited to 0.02% of the fat in the US.

  • Food additive
  • Preservative
  • Expert review pending

Concern level

Low concern Level 1 of 4 How concern levels work

A minor or very limited concern, such as being an ultra-processing marker only. The concern level sets how many points TBHQ (tert-butylhydroquinone) costs on a product’s receipt.

What the evidence says

  • Restricted useRegulatory

    The EU permits it (E 319) only in listed foods, and Canada only in fats and oils, lard and shortening (200 ppm). [1][2]

Evidence tiers say how sure the evidence is, separately from how much it matters. About evidence tiers.

Rules around the world

How regulators treat TBHQ (tert-butylhydroquinone)
WhereStatusDetailsDateSource
United States Permitted Permitted at up to 0.02% of the fat or oil content (21 CFR 172.185). — [3]
European Union Restricted Permitted (E 319) only in listed foods with maximum levels. — [1]
Canada Restricted Permitted only in fats and oils, lard and shortening (200 ppm). — [2]

“Banned” means explicitly prohibited or withdrawn after review; “not permitted” means never authorized there. We use each regulator’s own words.

Popular products that list TBHQ (tert-butylhydroquinone)

104 of the 17,000 most-scanned products in the US with a GoodSwap page list TBHQ (tert-butylhydroquinone). The 12 most scanned:

Diets and allergens

Vegan
Yes
Vegetarian
Yes
Gluten-free
Yes

For the ingredient in general. Always check the package: a product’s own labels win.

Names GoodSwap recognizes on labels (20)
  • e319
  • tbhq
  • antioxidant e319
  • antioxidant tbhq
  • tbhq citric acid
  • preservative tbhq
  • preservatives tbhq
  • tbhq for freshness
  • t butylhydroquinone
  • tbhq and citric acid
  • tbhq as a preservative
  • tert butylhydroquinone
  • tbhq to preserve freshness
  • tertiary butylhydroquinone
  • tbhq tert butylhydroquinone
  • tbhq added to protect flavor
  • tbhq added to preserve freshness
  • preservatives tbhq and citric acid
  • tbhq and citric acid to preserve freshness
  • tbhq and citric acid added to protect flavor

Sources

  1. Commission Regulation (EU) No 1129/2011 of 11 November 2011 amending Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 by establishing a Union list of food additives

    European Union (Official Journal) · Nov 11, 2011 · Law

    “E 127 Erythrosine 200 only cocktail cherries and candied cherries”

    eur-lex.europa.eu

  2. 11. List of Permitted Preservatives (Lists of Permitted Food Additives)

    Health Canada · Oct 20, 2025 · Regulator

    “B.2 Butylated Hydroxyanisole n/a (a) Active dry yeasts (a) Preservative (a) 1,000 ppm n/a”

    canada.ca

  3. 21 CFR 172.185 TBHQ

    Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR), U.S. Office of the Federal Register · Mar 24, 2023 · Law

    ecfr.gov